In a clinical study, researchers of different universities across Germany compared the effects of two psychotherapeutic interventions for bipolar disorder on brain activation. The strength of brain activation in a specific brain region can be assessed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
In the first therapy with a focus on social interaction (find study here), cognitive-behavioral methods were used. Besides learning to use tools such as mood diaries and early warning signs of manic and depressive episodes, patients practiced communicating their needs and understanding the intentions of others in role play situations.
The second therapy (find study here) focused on emotion processing. In open discussions, the patients discussed matters of personal importance while therapists guided the patients’ attention towards their emotional experiences during the sessions.
The researchers demonstrated that these two key aspects of the therapies, social and emotional processing, corresponded to the brain activation following the therapies: the intervention targeting social abilities led to an increase in brain activation in regions of the brain associated with social abilities (including, e.g., the ability to understand others and share their feelings). In the second, emotion-focused intervention, the activation and connectivity of the amygdala, an emotion processing hub of the brain, was increased. The researchers concluded that the two interventions, while showing equally beneficial effects on patients’ symptom severity at the clinical level, possibly unfolded their positive effects on the patients’ symptom burden by different neural pathways.
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